The main sources of greenhouse gas emissions in Russia are analyzed. It is shown that climate change is accompanied by an increase of natural disasters and emergencies. Ways of adaptation to climate changes in Russia are formulated.

The classification of natural fires according to the place of their occurrence, the characteristics of forest resources in the Rostov region and the factors influencing the occurrence of forest fires are considered, the shortcomings of the natural fire forecasting system and possible measures to improve it are noted.

The experience of rolling stock automated control when it operates at a hump yard is presented in the paper. The structure of a locomotive designed for operating in automatic mode and a remote operator position are presented. The most important aspect of research on automated control of a shunting locomotive is covered, such as specified locomotive speed control when pushing a train onto a hump with different speeds and changing weight of the train. The developed algorithm for specified speed control is presented, as well as the results of testing a locomotive with the defined algorithm.

Ensuring the safety of human communities on a global and national scale concerns everyone and requires reasonable common action. The article is devoted to the organization of physical culture and health work with the aim of creating a culture of a healthy and safe individual. The results of diagnostic monitoring indicate positive changes in the indicators of the psycho-emotional sphere, improvement in the behavioral characteristics of students, and health indicators have increased.

Vegetable and animal fats are considered as an alternative for basic base of biodegradable lubricants. It has been shown that their physical and mechanical properties are not inferior to mineral and synthetic oils. The most optimal oils for the base base were selected using mathematical methods of multi-criterion evaluation. Two groups with the best rating have been identified: liquid oils - rapeseed, olive and soybean; solid oils - pork fat, beef fat, palm oil.

Ensuring the priority of life and health of citizens of the Russian Federation is becoming one of the main directions of state policy. Emergency events (fires, complex accidents, catastrophes) have always been and remain one of the most severe disasters, the situation with which is constantly recorded by the statistics of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation. The fight against emergencies, fires and accidents is an ongoing battle and a constant threat to the life and health of the personnel of fire and rescue units.

Some technologies to reduce noise levels from rolling stock are analyzed. Some preferred technologies are defined meant to allow their fast implementation combined with minimal funding.

Compressor sections have a significant difference in power and rotation speed. Compressor units driven by internal combustion engines and electric motors are tested. Accordingly, the objects of study have a significant difference in the levels of emitted noise. The article proposes measures to reduce vibrations in places where compressors are installed.

To reduce life cycle costs and increase the durability of draft gears, when developing new designs, it is necessary to take into account changes in the damping properties of elastomeric elements under the influence of operational factors. The main reasons for the decrease in the elastic-hysteretic properties of polymer materials are primarily related to their internal structure and the activity of individual components to create chemical compounds with environmental elements. Moreover, the process of accumulation of residual deformations in the material of the working fluid, which means an increase in rigidity, a decrease in the working stroke and energy intensity of the draft gear, occurs with different intensity, depending on the type of polymer material. The work analyzes the change in elastic-hysteresis properties of two types of damping materials: thermoplastic elastomer and rubber composite, based on the results of operational tests over a period of six years. The evaluation criteria selected were changes in the thickness of the element and the static hysteresis loop depending on the operating time. A forecast has been made for a decrease in the characteristics of the draft gear of a passenger car (energy intensity and power stroke) with solid elastomeric elements made from the materials considered during six years of operation. Recommendations are given to reduce the influence of the design features of rubber- metal draft gears on the aging processes of the polymer composite.

The article notes the possibility of using structural elements at railway structures that can perform various functions. For example, perform insulating functions and have sufficient strength. Recommendations are given for the calculation of such structures, in the specific case of flat ones.

The article presents the results of research on obtaining a modified coating by the method of electrospark alloying in liquid ester media intended for use in tribo- conjugation nodes. Tungsten was used as the electrode material used. The elemental composition of the formed coating was determined by scanning electron microscopy. The chemical composition of the formed friction films and the chemical bond in these films were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is established that the formation of boundary films occurs mainly from molecules of the interelectrode medium with the participation of atoms of non-oxidized iron. The thickness of the formed layer in the studied samples ranged from 9 to 40 microns.

A narrow gap welding method based on the use of arc welding with a metal melting electrode in an inert gas medium (multilayer welding method) of plates with a gap between edges of not more than 16 mm has a number of distinctive features.

The narrow gap welding method has advantages, but it is only partially used for welding plates up to 40 mm thick, there is practically no information about the significant advantages of this method when welding plates more than 50 mm thick. This can be explained, apparently, by technological problems, which make it difficult to ensure a stable penetration depth of the edge walls

The analysis of construction in seismic conditions of artificial structures is presented. Extremely important points in the operation of bridge structures in difficult conditions are considered on the example of the Crimean Bridge across the Kerch Bay.

In this article, the algorithm of vector control of an autonomous inverter in the traction drive of an electric train was considered. The advantages of vector control over other methods are described. The process of implementing the algorithm, the features and significance of each step of the sequence are described step by step. The principle of operation of vector pulse width modulation with six sectors and its role in the control of electrical converters is described. A vector sensor control structure of an asynchronous motor is presented and described.

The article is devoted to the analysis of existing technological solutions for the production of cold for refrigerated rolling stock. A calculation of the energy consumption of cold production for the analyzed circuit solutions is presented. Based on the analysis and calculation results, a conclusion was made about the advisability of using the schemes under consideration. The vector for further research on this topic is indicated.

Due to the direct relationship between the temperature of the compressed air supplied after the compressor for adsorption, the efficiency of adsorption and the service life of the adsorbent, at the design stage of technological schemes for the preparation of compressed air it is necessary to have a tool for selecting the most effective heat exchanger for the given conditions of the cooling process. The material of the article is devoted to the analysis of the most commonly used heat exchangers in compressed air preparation schemes, the formation of criteria for their selection and the justification for the choice of a specific design for the given conditions of compressed air cooling processes.

This article summarizes the experience of developing a prototype of a controlled boost system of domestic production for the engine of a 2TE116 series mainline diesel locomotive with a high degree of boost, equipped with an electronic control system. It is noted that the use of a controlled boost system does not worsen fuel efficiency and somewhat improves the environmental performance of the engine.

Due to the lack of data on the values and the effect of gaps in the articulated joints of lever gears of wagons on the output of the brake cylinder rod, an analysis of the change in the output of the rod from the normative maximum wear of the axis and sleeve at the connection of the rod with the lever was carried out. The value of the additional stroke of the rod in operation is obtained. It is shown that taking into account the elastic deformation of the lever gear and the operational wear of the hinge joint of the rod with the lever takes the value of the rod output completely beyond the current standard for two serial hopper cars with separate braking.

Reverse replacement of radiators of sections of diesel locomotives and technologies for their repair are not ruled out. The use of removable collectors and turbulizers-cleaners is provided for on the radiator sections. Suggestions for design options and the main results of comparative calculations.

The impact of various branches of the national economy on the water bodies of our Homeland is quite large, therefore, in order to somehow compensate for the damage caused to the environment, compensatory methods have been developed. The main assessment is based on the rationing and determination of maximum permissible concentrations (MPC), if not exceeded, the impact on the human body or the natural environment will not lead to the occurrence of diseases, and also will not disrupt the stability of the ecosystem, giving it the opportunity to recover without bringing its condition to irreversible consequences. The tense state of the sanitary and epidemiological situation of water areas in many densely populated and industrially developed territories of Russia, including according to the results of monitoring conducted by the territorial departments of Rospotrebnazor, indicates that the payment for the negative impact on the environment does not cover the damage caused to the environment.

The article is devoted to the issue of handling spent coolants. Currently, the issue of recycling or recycling of used-up cooling fluids continues to remain open. This is especially true for the transport industry and the automotive industry in particular. The article discusses the types of coolants, their characteristics are given, processing methods are discussed and ways to improve the handling of spent coolants are outlined.

The paper provides an analysis of the share of influence of various categories of factors on security violations in railway and aviation modes of transport. The level of the train safety management system in the Traction Directorate was assessed. The main reasons for passing prohibiting traffic lights according to the responsibility of the locomotive complex are considered. An overview of the existing methodology for assessing the competence of locomotive crews in the system of unified corporate requirements for personnel in JSC Russian Railways is provided. A new methodology for assessing the professional competencies of personnel based on fuzzy logic tools is proposed. An analysis of experimental trips with passenger trains was carried out to assess the smoothness and comfort of passenger transportation.

Variants of modernization of cast-iron finned economizers by changing the orientation of the fin plates relative to the pipe axis are proposed. The construction of models of various variants and modeling in the CFD simulator is carried out. An increase in the efficiency of water heating in the economizer is shown when implementing the proposed measures.

A study was carried out of the patterns of heat transfer in plate heat exchangers with cross flow depending on the angle between the directions of movement of coolants. The studies were performed on a heat exchanger model developed in AutoDesk Inventor using AutoDesk Simulation CFD.