The work obtained evidence of the physical exercise benefits around 8–9 a.m. for representatives of all three chronotypes. Experimental data confirm the advisability of using this type of industrial gymnastics as introductory gymnastics in the daily routine of the working population and students. The importance of psychophysiological factors in increasing the efficiency and safety of work, as well as in the prevention of occupational injuries, is discussed.
The paper describes and characterizes electric and gas welding operations. The factors of the production environment that are significant in the profession of an electric and gas welder and determine his working conditions are considered. The methodological basis of the procedure for sanitary and hygienic monitoring of working conditions at the workplace of an electric and gas welder is given. The scheme of the instrument base for conducting studies of the factors of the production environment and the labor process at the workplace of an electric and gas welder is presented, taking into account the legal metrological requirements in the field of ensuring the uniformity of measurements. The structure of sanitary and hygienic monitoring of working conditions considered in the paper reflects the features and specifics of the work of an electric and gas welder, structures a significant amount of data and information to be considered when performing a special assessment of working conditions and production control.
The article analyzes the experience of waste disposal using the example of Asian countries, considering the problem as one of the key environmental challenges of our time. Based on the analysis of international experience, successful practices and strategies used in various Asian countries to combat waste accumulation have been identified. These include the transition to a circular economy, investments in infrastructure, the introduction of strict laws and educational programs, as well as the introduction of innovative technologies. Special attention is paid to the specifics of waste disposal in Japan and South Korea, where advanced sorting and recycling technologies are used, such as thermal treatment, electronic waste recycling, the use of recycled materials in construction, automated sorting systems, RFID technologies and intelligent containers.
The article is devoted to the issues of organizing safe physical activity of children and students with health problems. It is emphasized that protecting the health of the younger generation today has reached the level of national security.
Natural and anthropogenic recreational and educational sites on the territory of Russia and Belarus, included in the UNESCO list and the list of sites that are promising for inclusion, have been systematized. Positive and negative trends in the development of modern cultural and educational tourism in Russia and the Republic of Belarus have been studied. Opportunities for increasing the efficiency of use of natural and anthropogenic recreational facilities in our countries are discussed. The role of excursion as an important form of organizing cultural and educational tourism is emphasized.
The article discusses the features of domestic and foreign models of organizing and conducting recreational (including resort) activities. It is noted that the main advantageous difference of the domestic model (based on the Soviet scientific school) is its powerful theoretical basis. Knowledge of the psycho-physiological foundations of organizing recreational activities allows not only to develop effective and safe methods of healing, but also to ensure the preservation of recreational areas for future generations.
The article examines approaches to building water aerobics classes for women of the second adult age. The emphasis of the exercises is on stabilizing agerelated changes and the pace of aging, improving physiological indicators and psychoemotional state.
The article shows a complete algorithm of actions for organizing the labor protection training process on its own from scratch. The actions of the organization in the implementation of occupational safety training for employees without the involvement of accredited training centers are shown in stages. The planning and resource support of the process of self-training of employees in occupational safety at the enterprise is considered.
The paper presents the goals and objectives of ensuring transport safety at transport facilities. Approaches to assessing the risks of committing acts of illegal interference and the implementation of threats to transport security are considered, including the approach of assessing acceptable risk based on determining the levels of completeness (guarantee) of safety (SILs), as well as the methodology of resource management, risks based on reliability analysis (URAN), based on the ALARP method.. Based on the ETA method (event tree analysis), an event scenario for the implementation of various types of threats for a conditional railway station transport infrastructure facility is presented and analyzed. A quantitative assessment of the risks of the implementation of threats to commit acts of unlawful interference at a conditional transport infrastructure facility is given.
The problems for solving which transport security units use service dogs are considered. A classification of designs of unmanned vehicles and methods of controlling them is given. Anti-drone means that can be used by transport security units are considered.
The influence of fillers on the physical, mechanical and tribological properties of the polymer material has been studied. Experimental data were obtained using instrumental indentation and tribological analysis methods. It has been shown that the introduction of fillers into the polymer matrix can significantly increase the strength characteristics and, as a result, wear resistance. The improvement of technologies for the creation of composite materials opens up new horizons for their use in traction rolling stock of the transport complex.
Today, additive manufacturing technology allows various components of mechanical systems, and is also used in various industries. Photopolymerization has been widely used in industry in recent years, while the properties of this type of polymers limit their use, namely mechanical strength and tribological properties. This paper discusses the advantages of photopolymerization technology, as well as possible methods for modifying photocurable resin to improve the mechanical and tribological characteristics of the final material.
The article analyzes modern domestic locomotives and formulates requirements for promising locomotive series for the Eastern Polygon.
In this article, the problem of the lack of modern systems for providing the microclimate of trains in electric trains of the ED9M series was considered. Calculations were also presented, on the basis of which it is possible to modernize the presented rolling stock in order to improve the quality of passenger travel. Modern systems that can be implemented in this series of electric trains are proposed.
The article is devoted to the study of the causes of premature decommissioning of some critical parts of electric locomotives, as well as issues of their manufacturing technology. Recommendations are given on changing the manufacturing technology and increasing the service life of parts. Special attention is devoted to the development of technology for the restoration of cradle suspension rods. Since mechanical engineering is tasked with increasing the strength of machine parts, increasing their durability and reliability, one of the ways to solve it is the task of using new materials. The need to increase operational speeds, the need to reduce the weight of the structure, increase service life, reduce cost – all this requires improving production technology, calculation and design methods.
This article discusses the need to supply sand to the driving wheels of locomotives and the factors affecting the reliability and serviceability of the sand system. An analysis of how the air environment affects the elements of the carriage part of the rolling stock during train movement is also presented. Possible causes of blockage of sand pipes have been identified. A remote-controlled locking mechanism and the necessary equipment are proposed to prevent foreign objects from entering the sand hoses of locomotives of various types and purposes.
In the course of the study, the effect of the restoring moment on the nature of angular oscillations of various systems was studied. It is established that the dependence of the restoring moment on the generalized coordinate (angle of rotation) can be both linear and nonlinear, depending on the use of various elastic bonds. The study of the properties of the restoring moment, which determines the force that returns the object to its original position, opens up the possibility of obtaining the desired regressive-progressive characteristic of objects with elastic bonds, which determines the damping process of the system.
The quality properties of any system, including railway, are based on the imperfection of objects and processes: defects and degradation processes of raw materials and components, design, production, operation errors, limited accuracy and reliability of technological, testing, control and measuring equipment. Due to the increased requirements for the safety of transportation, the issues of ensuring the reliability of railway transport operation are extremely relevant. In this paper, the issue of ensuring the stability of the car is raised with a detailed study of the support units used – sliding rail carts.
The article is devoted to the description of modern technical solutions used in autonomous refrigerated wagons of the model 16-5213, which, according to the author, increase the operational reliability and operability of these wagons.
This article examines the problem of providing car inspectors with measuring instruments. The concept of a technological solution is presented, which consists in the implementation of digital technologies, namely RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) marking. A plan for the arrangement of radio frequency identification equipment at the PTO is also presented.
