The most important issues of the optimal organization of the technological process of construction of railway infrastructure facilities are, on the one hand: reduction of production and operating costs, including transportation costs, and, on the other hand: improvement of the quality and operational reliability of the erected structures. Reduction of costs for the delivery of resources to construction sites can be achieved, including by increasing the capacity of existing roadside roads.

The article is devoted to various aspects of the application of laser beam working surface treatment technology in transport engineering. The analysis of harmful and dangerous production factors of the technological process is carried out and ways to improve methods of employee protection are considered.

The article considers the stages of experimental studies of noise and vibration spectra of drilling-milling-boring machines, carried out under the conditions of their industrial operation under various process loads. Experimental studies of the spectral composition of sound pressure levels during milling, drilling and boring for all models of the above-mentioned machines showed the identity in the pattern of distribution of the intensity of sound radiation by octaves. The obtained data determined the need to use noise reduction systems. It should be noted that noise reduction systems should be calculated and designed for the conditions of the noisiest options for implementing the technological process.

The article presents the results of comparison of regulatory and legal acts (RLA) regulating labor protection requirements for railway transport in the Russian Federation with the corresponding similar regulations and acts adopted in other countries. In addition, it describes the NLAs regulating labor protection of those jobs that have a harmful class of hazard, such as train driver and track fitter. The conclusion is made that the established by the Russian legislation NAPs in the field of OHS are not inferior to foreign analogues, but it will not be superfluous to modernize some regulations in the Russian Federation in accordance with international experience to reduce the rate of injuries, occupational diseases and increase the working capacity of people employed in the railway industry.

The article discusses the results of experimental studies of the vibration spectra of gear-processing machines, carried out under conditions of their industrial operation under various technological loads and processing gears by the rolling-in method. During experimental studies, vibration spectra were recorded for various processing modes. Analysis of the obtained data showed that vibration amplitudes significantly depend on technological parameters, such as cutting speed, feed and tool penetration depth. The highest levels of vibration were observed when processing workpieces with high hardness and when using worn tools. In this case, the vibration spectra were characterized by the presence of harmonics associated with the spindle speed and gear transmission of the machine.

Metalworking equipment contains a number of independent sources of noise generation. It should be noted that abrasive and disc-cutting automatic machines are intensively used in almost all enterprises of the machine-building industry and create sound levels up to 95 dB (centerless grinding) and up to 100 dB (diamond-cutting), which is 15-20 dB higher than the permissible values. It is known that such noise exposure negatively affects the health of workers, reduces labor productivity and increases defects in production. Reducing the noise level of the above-mentioned machines can significantly improve their operating conditions. Despite the difference in the technological processes implemented on these machines, the analysis of their layouts showed the identity of modeling the processes that form the spectral composition of noise, especially cutting nodes.

The general principles of the formation of noxological competence among students of the technosphere safety direction are considered. The reasons for the introduction of the discipline «Noxology» into the educational process are analyzed. A proposal has been put forward to introduce a systematic approach to teaching the discipline into the educational process in order to improve the quality and dissemination in the modern education system.

The article examines the causes of waste accumulation and their consequences. At the heart of the problem under consideration is an exponential increase in the population on the planet and scientific and technological progress that allows humans to create artificial substances that do not occur in nature and therefore are not subject to natural disposal. Modern waste in its composition has, in addition to organic, synthetic components, also components with toxic properties. Using the example of car tires that have fallen into disrepair, an attempt is made to assess the danger of solid waste to the ecosystem and to humans. The accelerating accumulation of waste is changing not only the environment, destroying green spaces, but also increasing human demand for non-renewable resources. The dynamics of the waste generation process is another underestimated aspect of their danger, since the increase in waste volume already exceeds the ecosystem's ability to dispose of it by 20%.

The growing volume of waste is a consequence of the uneconomical use of the limited resources of our planet. Mining and production, which is also accompanied by pollution of nature. Human labor activity in these industries occurs in many cases under harmful conditions.

A set of technical solutions for upgrading the multi-motor traction drive of freight mainline electric locomotives during factory repairs is presented. The possibility of significantly increasing the energy efficiency of electric locomotives is shown.

The article deals with the issues of determining the heat transfer coefficient of closed box-shaped chambers for the study of thermal processes in the bodies of passenger cars.

A comparative analysis of tribotechnical and physical-mechanical properties of vegetable and animal fats and petroleum oils has been carried out. It is shown that the development of biodegradable lubricants for railway transport has prospects for low and medium-loaded friction units, as well as for preserving and washing compositions.

The article analyzes the physical method of coating. Vacuum arc evaporation and magnetron sputtering, coatings based on high-entropy alloys (HEA) are considered. Ion plasma coatings based on CrTiZrNbHf wind turbines were obtained by vacuum arc method, CuCrMnFeCoNi by magnetron method. Comparative studies of these coatings of morphology, physico-mechanical and tribological properties have been carried out.

The article presents the main provisions of the strength testing methodology for a double-decker passenger car model 61-4492 of the Aurora train. Conducting static and dynamic tests, strength assessment.

The article presents the modeling methodology and calculation results for load displacement in the STARK_ES program. It is assumed that the load center of gravity is displaced along the longitudinal axis of its location. The most unfavorable force factors are determined. The problem is solved in a static formulation for a solid model.

The article demonstrates the possibility of optimizing the parameters of the connecting rod design using the ANSYS program. Eight geometric characteristics of its structural and force scheme were used as the optimized parameters. The volume (mass) of the connecting rod was taken as the minimized object variable. The state variable was the equivalent stress determined in accordance with the third strength theory (Mises criterion) and limited by the value of 280 MPa. Rational geometric characteristics of the elements of the structural and force scheme were determined.

Improving the level of service, comfort of travel and passenger safety is an integral part of the policy for the effective development of JSC Russian Railways. Based on the conducted marketing research, the problems of air conditioning in the passenger car have been identified, which causes discomfort during the passenger's journey and negatively affects the work of conductors, leading to deterioration of physical health. As a factor in improving the quality of passenger service, an option for upgrading the equipment of the carriage fleet is proposed. In order to increase the efficiency of the air conditioning system in passenger cars, it is proposed to install an additional autonomous air cooling system, which will allow air cooling when the standard refrigeration unit is switched off or during its peak loads.

The mechanical stresses arising at natural and forced vibrations of the frame of traction engine NB-514 of alternating current electric locomotives in the area of the emerging crack between the inspection and ventilation windows of the frame of traction engine NB-514 are considered by the finite element method. It is shown that the maximum mechanical stresses occur in the corners of the windows and can be almost 2 times reduced by correcting the shape of the windows. The grid convergence of calculations is considered, which does not strongly affect the calculations on reduction of mechanical stresses at window shape correction. The obtained data show the possibility of structural optimization with the help of high-quality models - digital twins.

The features of operation of freight rolling stock devices are considered. Promising directions with the advent of the design of automatic coupling devices for freight cars are analyzed. Interim results on measuring the differential accuracy of twodimensional (sequentially) significant devices in the «Universal Mechanism» software product are presented.

The article describes the essence of the creep (pseudo-slip) phenomenon, using Carter's hypothesis a differential equation is compiled for the "fast" variable of the relative slip of a wheel pair on the rails, a "rigid" system of differential equations is derived that describes the movement of a vehicle as part of a train, allowing one to estimate the slip of a wheel pair on the rails and take it into account in more complex calculations of the interaction of a braking wheel and a rail.

The article provides an overview of developments in the field of magnetic levitation related to railway transport. The advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of this technology are analyzed. The possibility of using this technology in the conditions of the Far North and other regions with a problematic climate is considered. Conclusions are drawn about the expediency of implementing these developments.

The results of the analysis of the distribution of the operating time of EP2K electric locomotives of the assigned fleet of the Barabinsk operational locomotive depot in the sections of the Ural-Siberian region showed that since 2015, EP2K electric locomotives have been operated in addition to the West Siberian and Sverdlovsk railways, also on the South Ural and Kuibyshev railways.

As the analysis of the plan and profile of the track at the EP2K electric locomotive operation range, curves of small radii (less than 400 m) prevail on the South Ural and Kuibyshev railways (up to 50% of the length of traction arms), which led to increased wear of the tires of the wheelsets of EP2K electric locomotives of the assigned fleet of the Barabinsk operational locomotive depot.

The intensity of wear of the flanges of the middle wheelsets of bogies is 9.5 times higher than the intensity of wear of the flanges of the outer wheelsets. Consequently, the middle wheelsets are as often turned as the outer wheelsets. If we take the minimum maximum thickness of the flange of the trough of middle wheelsets of bogies, equal to 21 mm, then in this case, other things being equal, the service life of the drum will increase by 147015 km.