The most appropriate way to reduce noise and vibration in woodworking is to improve the designs of woodworking machines. Unfortunately, the main method of reducing noise and vibrations of domestic equipment is to increase its mass. However, an increase in the weight of a woodworking machine leads to an increase in its price, increases the cost of operation, maintenance and repair. In this regard, there is a need to establish other more rational methods of reducing noise and vibration levels.
The relationship between the Fine-Kinney method and the Fault Tree method is considered for the case of their use in assessing occupational risks. The correct conditions for the possibility of using the results of quantitative and qualitative hazard analyzes using the Fault Tree method in assessing occupational risks using the Fine-Kinney method are described. The transition algorithm is presented.
The impact of vibroacoustic factors in the working environment negatively affects the health of workers, which accompanied by increased fatigue, decreased attention and mental erformance, increased reaction time and an increase in the hearing threshold, which affects performance and traffic safety. The impact of vibroacoustic factors increases when combined with microclimatic conditions. Therefore, reducing the impact of increased noise levels and microclimate on drivers servicing railway equipment is an important task in the socio-economic and scientific-technical aspects. Research into the factors of the working environment at the workplace of drivers of railcars with drilling rigs can provide an analysis of the fact that the causes of accidents and occupational diseases are not only increased levels of vibroacoustic characteristics, but also climatic conditions
The use of high-quality fuel in refueling cars is a vital component not only of safety, but also of the environmental conditions around us. This problem is currently relevant in connection with the ecological culture and respect for the environment in our country. This article examines the general characteristics of AI-76 and AI-95 gasoline. A comparison table of engine exhaust gases by their substances is shown, as well as a comparison of AI-76 and AI-95 components.
The article discusses the problems of wastewater treatment. As an effective solution to achieve high quality purification, it is proposed to use membrane bioreactors; the advantages of their application in practice are considered.
Studies of the physiology of common cucumber grown on industrially polluted soils with the addition of recycled plant matter (compost) are presented. The results of an experiment on the use of compost as a factor in improving fertility to obtain a high-quality crop of cultivated plants are presented. Based on the analysis and statistical processing of experimental data, an economically advantageous method for the environmentally safe disposal of plant residues after harvesting and converting them into useful nutrients for the soil has been found.
As a result of the analysis of the structure of automated control systems for components of the transport complex, it was found that the use of information technology is insufficient. The current level of use of automation of technological processes in the production halls of the enterprise PJSC "Beriev TANTK" is inefficient. In order to increase the efficiency of technological processes and ensure occupational safety, it is recommended to implement the "Electronic Process Technology" system based on an automated control system. Optimization of production quality is possible through the transfer of the technological process and all related documents to an electronic format, the introduction of an Electronic Process Technology system based on an automated enterprise management system, the use of automation tools for aircraft manufacturing processes, the formation of an operational technological process and the implementation of measures to improve occupational safety and rationalize employee workplaces. This will allow you to systematize and store all technical documents, minimize intellectual work and improve the quality of production in general. The universal control system "Electronic process technology", proposed for use in enterprises of the transport complex, is based on the automated system of this enterprise.
The article summarizes the importance of ergonomics and adaptation of disabled people or people with disabilities (PWDs) to their workplaces in order to increase the efficiency and productivity of their work. In addition, the main adaptations for adapting to such places are listed, the opinions of scientists dealing with this issue are given, and finally it is stated that a wide range of different specialists should be involved in the integration and adaptation of people with disabilities in the work process.
This article is devoted to the organization of physical education based on functional all-around. Particular attention is paid to the development of comprehensive training programs that help improve physical fitness. A concept for integrating functional all-around sports is proposed in order to increase the effectiveness of physical education and sports.
The work presents the results of development of a method for preparation of fodder from green mass processing wastes of fodder legume plants with introduction of dry fodder - barley crumb to reduce raw material moisture content. The data of fodder and energy values of the produced silage are given. Using the developed method helps to solve the problem of plant waste disposal in the agro-industrial complex and allows to obtain benign feed for animals.
The article provides information about the use of a local Wi-Fi network in office premises. The use of repeaters to increase the area of "coverage" is highlighted. The technical characteristics of the components of the Wi-Fi wireless network are given. A description of the methodology for measuring and evaluating electromagnetic radiation of the radio frequency range in the workplaces of office workers is given.
The article discusses the methodology for modeling fire dynamics when assessing the effectiveness of fire robots for protecting various warehouse structures with a high fire load. It is shown that modeling fire protection equipment with changing parameters can distort the assessment results obtained on the basis of simulation modeling. A comparative analysis of various methods of simulating the work of fire robots was carried out when simulating a fire that arose as a result of the spill and ignition of flammable liquids over an area of 200 sq.m. in the warehouse.
The article is devoted to the theoretical aspects of the influence of sport on a person’s mental and physical health in the information society.
The paper presents the results of scientific research aimed at developing a methodology for assessing the environmental and social consequences of emergencies involving dangerous goods of Class 1. The theoretical provisions and practical results are aimed at improving the protection of railway transport workers, primarily JSC Russian Railways. In addition, the goal was to reduce damage to transport infrastructure and objects of the anthropogenic-developed natural environment. It is of theoretical and practical interest from the point of view of accurate calculation of the total damage from the consequences of emergencies with dangerous goods.
Practice shows that it is impossible to avoid mistakes. Everyone is susceptible to mistakes - ordinary performers, managers, careless workers, and pedantic professionals. There are no “insured” people. This article discusses issues related to the “human factor” as a cause of industrial accidents. The new global trend is lifelong continuous learning, including continuous and continuous learning using digital technologies to improve the competence of workers.
This article substantiates the importance of the organization of prevention and liquidation of consequences of emergency situations, its main types and stages of formation in the Russian Federation are given. The legal regulation of relations in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergency situations is described. Conclusions are drawn about the role of state authorities in the field of regulation of services and organizations responsible for ensuring the safety of the population.
The article examines the influence of the human factor on the safety of the transport process of transporting dangerous goods, and notes the need to take it into account in the implementation of the transport process. The reasons for the increasing influence of the human factor on the development of events in the process of transporting dangerous goods are indicated. The measures that are being implemented in railway transport to reduce the possible negative impact of the human factor are presented.
The article outlines approaches to determining indicators of occupational risk from the point of view of assessing the degree of influence of the employee’s professional competencies on its occurrence. It has been shown that the level of knowledge, skills and abilities of an employee in the field of ensuring safe work practices has a greater influence on the occurrence of occupational risks than the efforts of the employer to ensure safe working conditions. The desire and ability of the employee himself to use safe work practices contributes to preserving the health and life of both the employee and the people around him.
Physical exercise is of great importance for human health and physical fitness. They help to maintain a normal weight, strengthen muscles and bones, and develop physical qualities. In addition, regular workouts help improve mood and overall well-being. However, one should not forget about the potential dangers associated with an incorrect approach to physical activity. An unprepared body can be prone to injury or overstrain. If the exercises are performed incorrectly, problems with the spine, joints and muscles may occur. The article examines the positive and negative aspects of physical exercise; identifies the right approaches to training, in order to maximize the benefits from them and minimize the risk of possible complications.
Using the example of the work of an operator of an X-ray television installation, the physiological and psychological features of labor activity are considered. The factors that reduce and increase the efficiency of a person managing technical means of ensuring transport security are described.
This article presents the results of an experimental comparative analysis of the fire resistance behavior of two sandwich panels with a structural function consisting of a filler made of polyisocyanurate foam (PIR) and fiberglass with dimensions of 3150 mm×2800 mm×150 mm. The first panel system exposed to fire was covered with gypsum plates, and the other with ceramic plates. The parameters to be compared for both systems were structural stability, tightness and thermal insulation. To do this, a fire resistance test was conducted with an assessment of the behavior of each of the samples exposed to fire, for comparison with each other. According to the results obtained in this study, the materials used to form the structure of sandwich panels and the coating material affect the results of the parameters and fire resistance. Thus, in this study, the drywall system showed the best characteristics in relation to the estimated parameters and for a longer fire resistance time than the ceramic system, checking the thermal insulation and flame-retardant properties of the plaster.
The article provides information on the use of ventilation systems in the laboratory. The use of ventilation for the purpose of improving the air of the working area is highlighted. The technical characteristics of the ventilation system under study are given. A description of the measurement methodology and assessment of the acoustic environment at the workplace of an employee of the laboratory for processing measurement data is given.
Theoretical information is provided for the processing and analysis of expert assessment data for wagon building tasks. A software implementation of procedures in Python is presented.
This article discusses cars of models 61-4516/4517/4529, which have a special design in the form of couplings (two-car coupling). During the study, 4 main groups of systems and equipment were identified: air conditioning unit, electrical equipment, internal equipment and environmentally friendly toilet complexes (systems). An analysis of the systems and equipment data was carried out and statistical data was obtained on the faults and comments identified in them during the operation of the cars. Weaknesses in the design of the cars were also identified, requiring more detailed study and changes.
The analysis of innovative rolling stock for the transportation of perishable goods is presented. The main technical parameters of insulated wagons and high-speed fitting platforms are considered, and development trends in refrigerated transport infrastructure are analyzed, taking into account changing legal requirements and environmental standards.
The results of the analysis of the protection operation are presented and the ways of their improvement are proposed in order to increase the selectivity and accuracy of measurements due to the introduction of measurements from all power sources.
The thermal environment is one of the main factors affecting the thermal comfort, health and well-being of passengers. In practice, in urban rail transport, passengers actively react to the thermal situation and the number of complaints increases. The purpose of this work is to study the thermal comfort of passenger travel during the cold season, taking into account the peculiarities of operation and efficiency of regular microclimate systems in the salons of urban rail transport in the unified transport network "urban electric train – metro". The analysis of the comfortable warmth of passengers was carried out using the Fanger method, which was previously tested on the subway and electric trains and the results of the research were published in the period from 2013 to 2023.
The article considers the possibility of using the method of restoring the train situation to determine energy losses and energy consumption for traction needs for sections of DC railways.
