The features of calculation methods for the bodies of passenger, freight and special cars are considered. A description of modern software systems for assessing the load-bearing capacity of metal structures of railway rolling stock is provided.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the availability factor and its influence on the value of the life cycle cost of traction rolling stock in terms of maintenance and technical repairs when justifying the choice of locomotive, as well as when planning the budget for maintenance and technical repairs in service depots in order to reduce downtime of traction rolling stock and reduction of its fleet.
The analysis showed that it is necessary to adjust the life cycle cost in terms of maintenance and repair of traction rolling stock, as well as the cost budget for maintenance and repair of traction rolling stock by ±5% of the standard cost value.
The article discusses the construction of a mathematical modeling of a railway carriage with a two-stage spring suspension. The structure of the computer model in the SimInTech software package is described, a numerical experiment is carried out and an analysis of the dependence of the vertical dynamics coefficient on the damping parameters is carried out.
One of the most important components of the mechanical part of an electric locomotive is the bogie, which transmits traction forces to the body and receives both vertical, from the sprung part of the body, and horizontal traction and braking forces. The manufacturability of a welded frame is determined by such criteria as the choice of material that provides the required weldability, favorable design of the unit for simplicity and ease of manufacture with the possibility of using several welding methods in different modes and low production costs due to savings in welding materials and increased productivity.
To determine the actual operational indicators, dynamic strength tests of the service and technical car-power plant were carried out. According to the results of complex tests, the load-bearing capacity of the metal structure of the car body is assessed under the influence of regulatory loads: compression, stretching, vertical loads of containers and gross, as well as loads arising during repairs and maintenance of the car. Tests were carried out for collisions with a force of up to 2,5 МН, as well as running dynamic strength tests at the test site.
The paper presents a method for the hydrodynamic calculation of a radial bearing of infinite length. The calculation model of the bearing in question is formed on the basis of the equations of motion of a viscous incompressible fluid for the case of a "thin layer", the continuity equation, as well as equations describing the contours of the molten layers of shaft coatings. As a result, the velocity and pressure field in the lubricating layer was found, and subsequently analytical expressions were found for the bearing capacity and friction force of the bearing structure in question. The influence of generalized parameters characterizing the melt of coatings, as well as a parameter characterizing the (non-circular) contour of the bearing bearing surface on the above bearing characteristics is estimated.
In this article, a complex of calculations is presented for 6-10 kV cables with insulation made of crosslinked polyethylene and impregnated paper insulation. The article provides calculation formulas for: verifying cables under thermal resistance conditions during short-circuit, selecting the cross-section of the copper shield, selecting the cross-section of power cables based on permissible continuous currents of feeders (according to power consumption), verifying the fire resistance of power cables during short-circuit, and checking the cross-section of power cables based on economic current density. References to regulatory documents are also provided.
In railway transport, special attention is paid to the problem of ensuring transportation safety, as well as reducing the cost of servicing rolling stock. One of the solutions to this problem is to ensure the strength of the bandage part of the traction rolling stock, namely, strengthening the bandage of the wheelset.
The article discusses the reasons for the decline in the quality of health of students, shows the components and reveals the main approaches to building a health-preserving environment at the university.
Issues of physical education of mature women are raised. The factors that impede such activities, as well as the basics of effective work, are considered.
The paper presents an algorithm for verifying the method of measuring the parameters of an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 50 Hz, contained in the operating manual for the meter of parameters of electric and magnetic fields of a three-component VE-meter. The results of the experimental part of the verification procedure are presented.
The article provides an overview of the areas of application of ventilation and air conditioning systems in various industries and the relevance of using energy-efficient systems in cooling systems of industrial premises. The option of using a system with drip-evaporative cooling for a machine-building enterprise is considered.
The article presents an analysis and synthesis system for its implementation in virtual modeling of workplaces where disabled people or people with disabilities (PWDs) can work in order to improve them. An ergonomic analysis of the workplaces of persons with disabilities engaged in the labor process is also described for their early adaptation to working conditions. In addition, the prospects for further research on this issue are given.
The paper considers noise as a harmful production factor and as a general biological irritant that has a negative impact on the functioning of organs and systems of the human body. The types of professional hearing loss and the stages of its development are highlighted, the effects of infra- and ultrasound on humans are analyzed.
The article highlights the issues of fire safety in the production environment, considers the phases of fire, gorenje, risk factors for humans that arise during the development of fire. Special attention is paid to the analysis of fire hazards affecting a person, his life, health, behavior: the action of flame, sparks, heat flow, elevated ambient temperature, toxic substances formed as a result of fire, smoke, etc., also the psychogenic conditions of a person arising under the influence of traumatic circumstances of a fire are considered.
The article considers recreation as a unique response to stress and a way to cope with fatigue. Data is provided that residents of megacities need recreation most of all (due to the high concentration of unfavorable conditions in the form of noise, light, information load, gas pollution and other factors) and representatives of professional groups with high work intensity (for example, rescuers, teachers, health workers). The experience of safe and effective use of recreational areas in our country and in various countries of the near and far abroad has been systematized.
The article examines the features of the professional activities of preschool educational institutions employees. Factors have been identified that contribute to a decrease in adaptive potential and an increase in the risk of developing stress-induced pathologies and accelerated aging. Approaches to the use of health-saving technologies depending on climatic and geographical living conditions are discussed.
This article considers that currently, as a result of the opening of new production and industrial enterprises and small manufacturing enterprises in the world and in the Russian Federation, jobs are proportionally increasing. In turn, the occupational safety of workers has become an urgent problem, and the effective organization of their safety and health training is an important factor, that is, the basis for ensuring safety. Occupational safety training at industrial enterprises is important because it reduces the risk of injury to workers and increases labor productivity. The current problems of ensuring labor in production are considered and studied.
The relationship between environmental problems in some regions of Russia and the increasing incidence of iodine deficiency conditions is discussed. Biochemical methods for rapid diagnosis of iodine deficiency in the body using hair as a biomaterial are described. The effectiveness of using new selenium preparations for correcting the functional state of women with subclinical hypothyroidism has been demonstrated.
