The paper provides an analysis of the sources of occupational risks associated with occupational diseases among railway transport workers. Using the example of certain railway transport occupations where workers are exposed to chemical factors, the paper provides a review of chemical substances, taking into account their toxicological characteristics and harmfulness indicators. The paper also provides recommendations for considering the toxicity indicators of harmful substances in assessing occupational risks at the workplace.

This article examines the sources of negative environmental impacts of engineering enterprises and the best available technologies for mitigating these impacts, which include technological, organizational, managerial, architectural, planning, and logistical approaches. The paper also demonstrates that integrating environmental responsibility principles into the strategy of engineering enterprises serves as the foundation for sustainable development.

Тhe article examines the main hazardous factors affecting workers at metallurgical enterprises. Data on occupational noise as a leading professional risk are analyzed, including the results of individual dosimetry using personal noise dosimeters. The requirements of regulatory documents governing occupational safety in the industry are presented. Digital safety control tools implemented at leading enterprises are described. Using the examples of Severstal, MMK and Russian Copper Company, approaches to professional risk management and integration of sustainable development principles into occupational safety are shown. The conclusion is made about the need to combine technical, technological and managerial measures to reduce injuries.

The methodology for conducting field measurements of a tractor's vibroacoustic characteristics is presented – specifically, vibration acceleration at the tractor operator's workplace, as well as in the most vibration-stressed locations. The methodology for determining the equivalent noise level at the operator's workplace and at key points for creating a noise map is also outlined. This methodology will allow for the verification of mathematical models of vibration and noise propagation, taking into account the specific design features of the tractor.

This paper proposes a new approach to managing the human factor within an occupational safety management system. The approach is based on viewing the human factor as the interaction between two complex nonlinear dynamic systems: “human characteristics” and “working conditions.” The authors introduce a quantitative assessment of the human factor by comparing the worker’s actual set of abilities–intellectual, sensory, protective, and physical–with the required set of abilities determined by the working conditions.

A model of a personal occupational safety management system has been developed. This system forms part of an individual’s self-management system and is responsible for preserving the worker’s life and health. A method for assessing the effectiveness of this system is also proposed, based on the difference between the actual and required abilities to manage personal occupational safety measures.

Based on the proposed model, a technology for continuous rapid workplace training has been developed. It is aimed at forming sustainable safe-behavior skills among workers. The paper presents an analysis of the results of implementing this technology at industrial enterprises, which demonstrated a 1.5- to 3-fold reduction in occupational injuries over a period of one to two years. It was established that workers displaying a safe type of behavior experience occupational injuries eight times less frequently than those displaying unsafe behavior. The authors conclude that the proposed approach is highly effective in practice as a tool for the large-scale development of safe behavior.

The article discusses the issues of vestibular stability as one of the components of the quality of life and the basis of professional longevity of women of the second mature age. The factors and manifestations of decreased coordination abilities are considered. The approaches to the construction of classes with women of the selected age group for the preservation of functional indicators are determined.

In the context of the rapid development of the industrial sector and increasing demands on the safety of production processes, high-quality personnel training is of particular importance. Gaming technologies in occupational safety and health training contribute to increasing employee motivation and engagement, which is directly correlated with improving knowledge retention and, as a result, with reducing occupational injuries and strengthening safety culture. This article will explore the benefits of using gaming technologies in occupational safety and health training, their main components, possible formats, and the sequence of implementation in companies.

This article examines an integrated approach to improving the efficiency of electrostatic precipitators at thermal power plants by combining mechanical precleaning methods (battery cyclones, louvered dust concentrators), gas distribution devices, and flue gas conditioning systems. The main disadvantages of traditional electrostatic precipitators are analyzed, including the impact of high ash resistivity, instability of operating modes, and dust reentrainment. Solutions are proposed to improve the efficiency of exhaust gas cleaning.

This article presents a review of current research on minimizing health and safety risks associated with extreme sports. It also highlights educational approaches for effectively preventing injuries and reducing the number of accidents in specific extreme sports (including sports and recreational activities).

This paper examines the problem of improving the accuracy of occupational risk assessment methods. The simpler the method, the less accurate it is and the more dependent it is on the expert using it. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of using a matrix method for assessing occupational risk, taking into account its causes. It demonstrates the feasibility of accounting for the causes of hazard impacts organized by a fault tree using a block matrix, which can also be interpreted as an alternative visualization of the fault tree. As a result of this approach, when comparing the results of the professional risk assessment obtained by the Fine-Kinney method and using a block matrix, it was found that the discrepancy between the results was from 9 to 12%.

The beneficial effects of rock climbing are systematized in terms of the potential for developing stress resilience and competitiveness in individuals in today's digital civilization. Prospects for expanding the use of rock climbing to enhance individual professional reliability are discussed.

This article examines the working conditions of snowplow operators operating on railways. Key adverse production factors are identified and systematized: low temperatures, elevated noise and vibration levels, psycho-emotional stress associated with tight train schedules, and mechanical risks associated with working with highpressure hydraulic systems. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of work at switches and in station throats, which require maximum concentration and precision. Research results confirming that sanitary standards for noise and vibration are exceeded at operator workplaces are analyzed. The need to reduce vibroacoustic impact is substantiated, and design and organizational measures to improve safety and comfort at work are proposed.

The article examines the transformation of the approach to employee medical examinations – from mechanical compliance with legislative requirements to a strategic risk management tool in the enterprise. The economic consequences of occupational diseases and industrial injuries for Russian companies are analyzed, and the hidden costs of a formal approach to periodic medical examinations are assessed. A model of an economically justified system of preventive medicine in production is proposed, taking into account industry specifics and allowing to convert health protection costs into measurable business indicators. Practical recommendations are presented for integrating medical examinations into the overall risk management system of the organization using modern digital technologies for personnel health monitoring.

The stages of research on inaudible sounds from a standard electronic bird repeller are considered. The experiment is described. The results of the analysis of experimental data are shown.

The article analyzes electric trains operated on the North Caucasus Railway network. The main focus is on the design features of the EP3D electric train. The article examines the design, purpose, and operation of the RCC smoothing reactors. The main cause of acoustic discomfort is identified as the insufficient effectiveness of the standard rubber shock absorbers. The article proposes a solution to reduce noise and vibration from the RCC dry smoothing reactors on the EP3D electric train by replacing the standard rubber-metal shock absorbers with a combined vibration-absorbing coating.

The article presents the concept of modernizing the TEM18DM shunting diesel locomotive by integrating an asynchronous traction drive and an on-board NE288-870 lithium-ion energy storage device used on the EMKA2 battery-electric locomotive. Layout and circuit design solutions are proposed for implementing the energy storage system with the formation of a common DC link. The results of traction characteristics calculations across various operating modes, including movement powered by the energy storage device, are presented. It is shown that transitioning shunting operations to hybrid traction ensures a reduction in diesel fuel consumption by up to 20%, an increase in the overall efficiency of the locomotive, and an extension of the diesel engine's overhaul life.

The paper presents an automated system for diagnosing electric locomotive current collectors based on machine vision, which allows for the replacement of time-consuming and subjective manual inspections with non-contact, high-precision measurements. The Python program, using the OpenCV, NumPy, and SciPy libraries, analyzes photos and video streams. It measures the minimum thickness and width of the carbon insert using photos, and tracks the geometric parameters of the current collector in real-time using video with reflective markers, calculating the distances and angles between control points. A 3D model of the current collector has been created for testing purposes. The implementation of the system reduces the influence of the human factor, allows for the detection of defects at an early stage, the prediction of the residual resource of equipment, the reduction of operating costs, and the minimization of the risk of emergencies, thereby increasing the reliability of the power supply for electric rolling stock.

Standard train-driver vigilance devices (the vigilance handle, ALSN cab signalling, KLUB-U and the TSKBM electrodermal bracelet) are reviewed and shown to be either reactive, i.e. triggered only after control of the train has been lost, or contact-based and single-channel. Published evidence on contact-less markers of fatigue and drowsiness is systematised for video (blink dynamics, PERCLOS, head pose) and speech (tempo, pauses, fundamental frequency, cepstral coefficients), each with its source and the accuracy reported there. A concept of an on-board system that fuses the video and speech channels with a neural-network model and a hybrid fusion strategy is proposed together with a valida-tion programme: a metric set, on-board platform criteria and test stages.